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        <title>FAMILY COURT FRAUD</title>
        <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/posts/page/1/</link>
        <description></description>
        <language>en</language>
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        <lastBuildDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2009 11:36:50 -0500</lastBuildDate>
        <copyright>Copyright 2009</copyright>
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        <item>
            <title>Three Dead in Dyersburg, TN Shooting</title>
            <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/three-dead-in-dyersburg-tn-shooting.html?_c=feed-rss-full</link>   
            <author>nobody@vox.com(TheDirector06)</author>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2009 11:36:50 -0500</pubDate>         
            
            <description>    &lt;h2 class=&quot;fontStyle52&quot;&gt;Incident Appears to be Murder-Suicide&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;fontStyle21&quot;&gt;Updated: Monday, 03 Aug 2009, 10:18 AM CDT&lt;br /&gt;Published : Sunday, 02 Aug 2009, 10:09 PM CDT&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul class=&quot;byline fontStyle16&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;FOX13 Memphis &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;story last&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dyersburg,
Tenn. - Three people are dead in Dyersburg after a father accused of
child abuse apparently shot and killed his daughter and one of her
protective custodians, then turned the gun on himself.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;According
to Capt. Steve Isbell with Dyersburg Police, officers were called to
the 800-block of Blake Cove just after 7:30pm Sunday.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;46-year
old Todd Randolph, his wife 45-year old Susan Randolph and a 15-year
old girl were found with gunshot wounds. Todd Randolph and the teenage
girl were pronounced dead at the scene. Susan Randolph was airlifted to
The Med and was released Monday morning.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Investigators
determined that the teen&amp;#39;s father, 34-year old Christopher Milburn,
approached the Randolph home and opened fire. Milburn was found dead
about a block away with a self-inflicted gunshot wound.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Dyersburg
Police and the Department of Children Services had launched an
investigation into allegations of abuse last week involving Christopher
Milburn and his 15 year old daughter. Department of Children Services
had placed the 15 year old into the care of the Randolph family pending
the outcome of the investigation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.myfoxmemphis.com/dpp/news/tennessee/080209_Three_Dead_in_Dyersburg_Shooting&quot;&gt;http://www.myfoxmemphis.com/dpp/news/tennessee/080209_Three_Dead_in_Dyersburg_Shooting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;zemanta-pixie&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;zemanta-pixie-img&quot; src=&quot;http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=cf332833-9407-8037-94c2-70dc14ff6b81&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;     &lt;p style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; 
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            </description> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">crime</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">murder</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">law</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">tennessee</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">custody</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">victims</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">domestic violence</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">child abuse</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">child custody</category>   
        </item> 
 
        <item>
            <title>Mother arrested again for alleged abuse of daughter</title>
            <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/mother-arrested-again-for-alleged-abuse-of-daughter.html?_c=feed-rss-full</link>   
            <author>nobody@vox.com(TheDirector06)</author>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2009 11:31:21 -0500</pubDate>         
            
            <description>    &lt;p&gt;Girl, 7, in a coma may not survive.&lt;br /&gt;
By Jason Bergreen
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
The Salt Lake Tribune
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Updated: 07/28/2009 10:47:12 AM MDT
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Emperatriz
Meza-Reyna A 7-year-old girl is in a coma with critical head injuries
just months after state foster care workers returned her to her mother,
who was convicted last year of child abuse. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Now the 21-year-old mother is once again in jail on suspicion of beating the child, who may not survive. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Emperatriz
Meza-Reyna took her daughter to Pioneer Valley Hospital on July 22 with
a head injury, bruises on her body and a bite mark, West Valley City
police Capt. Tom McLachlan said. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
During the examination, the
girl went into cardiac arrest and was flown to Primary Children&amp;#39;s
Medical Center. There, she underwent brain surgery and remains in a
coma in critical condition. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Meza-Reyna told police her daughter fell down stairs, but doctors say her injuries are not consistent with a fall. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
McLachlan
said the girl&amp;#39;s injuries appear to be caused by being hit with a hard
object or slammed into a floor, wall or another hard surface. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Meza-Reyna
has two other children who don&amp;#39;t appear to have been abused, police
said. But the mother was arrested in January 2008 on suspicion of child
abuse involving the same child. She pleaded guilty to two charges of
third-degree felony child abuse. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
According to those charges,
Meza-Reyna admitted to strangling the child and covering her mouth and
nose multiple times, beating her with a belt and a cable cord and
writing on the child with a black marker, injuring the child&amp;#39;s face. A
doctor in that case said the 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
child had bruises and marks all
over her body. The doctor also said there was evidence of a head
injury, including soft-tissue swelling and bleeding on the brain. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Meza-Reyna
was sentenced in January; all prison time was suspended. She served 17
days in jail and was given 36 months of probation. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
McLachlan
said the Division of Child and Family Services had custody of the girl
for a period of time before she was returned to her mother several
months ago. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Meza-Reyna has an immigration detainer against
her, which means she will be deported once the case ends and she is
released to federal authorities.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
DCFS spokeswoman Liz Sollis
would not comment on the case. She said DCFS in general usually works
with other health, school and law enforcement professionals to
determine the best interest of the child involved in an abusive
situation. The parent, if they have been convicted of child abuse, is
usually required to complete court imposed programs and classes before
a judge determines when the child may return home. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
McLachlan
said Meza-Reyna and her children recently lived with another adult, but
their relationship is unknown. He said the man is not a suspect in the
new case. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Meza-Reyna was booked into the Salt Lake County jail Thursday on suspicion of child abuse. She is being held on $50,000 bail &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; 
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        </item> 
 
        <item>
            <title>Glossary of Legal Terms</title>
            <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/glossary-of-legal-terms-1.html?_c=feed-rss-full</link>   
            <author>nobody@vox.com(TheDirector06)</author>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 01:57:58 -0500</pubDate>         
            
            <description>    &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p&gt;       &lt;a name=&quot;acq&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;acquit &lt;/strong&gt;- To find a defendant not guilty in a 		criminal trial. &lt;/a&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;     &lt;a name=&quot;adj&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;adjudication - &lt;/strong&gt; A judgment or decree.    &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;   &lt;a name=&quot;affd&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;affidavit &lt;/strong&gt;- A written or printed declaration or    statement under oath. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;affm&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;affirm - &lt;/strong&gt;The ruling of an appellate court that the    judgment of a lower court is correct and should stand. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;ape&quot;&gt;appeal &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/strong&gt; - Review of a case by a higher court. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;apen&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;appellant &lt;/strong&gt;- Party appealing a decision or judgment to a higher court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;apee&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;appellee - &lt;/strong&gt;The party against whom an appeal is filed.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;arb&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;arbitration &lt;/strong&gt;-
The hearing and settlement of a dispute between opposing parties by a
third party whose decision the parties have agreed to accept.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;arr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;arraignment &lt;/strong&gt;-
A court hearing in a criminal case where a defendant is advised of the
charges and asked to plead guilty or not guilty. Most arraignments in
Tennessee are held in General Sessions Court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;bai&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;bail bond - &lt;/strong&gt;An agreement by a third party to pay a certain sum of money if the defendant fails to appear in court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;bent&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;bench trial&lt;/strong&gt; - Trial held before judge sitting without a jury; jury waived trial. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;benw&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;bench warrant &lt;/strong&gt;- Process issued by the court or “from the bench” for the attachment or arrest of a person.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;bin&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;binding over&lt;/strong&gt;
- The act by which a court or magistrate requires a person to enter
into a recognizance or furnish bail to appear for trial, to keep the
peace, to attend as a witness, etc. Also describes act of lower court
in transferring case to higher court or to grand jury after a finding
of probable cause to believe that defendant committed crime. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;bri&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;brief - &lt;/strong&gt;A legal document, prepared by an 		attorney, which presents the law and facts supporting his or her client. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;cas&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;caseload - &lt;/strong&gt;The number of cases a judge handles. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;cau&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;cause of action &lt;/strong&gt;- A legal claim. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;cer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;certiorari - &lt;/strong&gt;A procedure for removing a case from a lower court to a higher court for review. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;ven&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;change of venue - &lt;/strong&gt;Moving a case from one court, or location, to another. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;civ&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;civil law - &lt;/strong&gt;All law that is not criminal law. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;cla&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;class - &lt;/strong&gt;There
are five classifications of felonies and three classifications of
misdemeanors. With the exception of murder in the first degree, all
felonies in the Revised Criminal Code, in the old Title 39 and in
titles other than Title 39 are classified. Each felony has an A, B, C,
D, or E classification. “A” is the most serious and “E” is the least
serious. Each misdemeanor has either an A, B, or C classification with
“A” being most serious and “C” being least serious. Murder in the first
degree carries three possible penalties: life (with the possibility of
parole), life without parole, and death. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;cod&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;code - &lt;/strong&gt;A collection of laws promulgated by 		legislative authority. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;comm&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;common law - &lt;/strong&gt;A system of jurisprudence based on precedent rather than statutory laws. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;comu&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;commutation - &lt;/strong&gt;Change of punishment from a greater to a lesser degree or ending a sentence that has been partially served. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;cor&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;corpus delicti - &lt;/strong&gt;The
body or material substance upon which crime has been committed; e.g.,
the corpse of a murdered person or the charred remains of a burned
house. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;den&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;de novo - &lt;/strong&gt;“Anew.” A trial de novo is a completely new trial. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;decl&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;declaratory judgment - &lt;/strong&gt;A judgment declaring the rights of the parties on a question of law. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;decr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;decree - &lt;/strong&gt;Decision or order of the court. A final decree completes the suit; an interlocutory decree is provisional or preliminary. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;defl&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;default judgment&lt;/strong&gt;
- Under Rules of Civil Procedure, when a party against whom a judgment
for affirmative relief is sought has failed to plead (i.e., answer) or
otherwise defend, he is in default and a judgment by default may be
entered either by the clerk or the court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;defn&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;defendant &lt;/strong&gt;- A person charged with a crime or a person against whom a civil action is brought. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;dep&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;deposition - &lt;/strong&gt;Sworn testimony taken outside the courtroom according to the rules of the court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;dis&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;discovery &lt;/strong&gt;- A pretrial proceeding where a party to an action may be informed of the facts known by other parties or witnesses. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;doc&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;docket - &lt;/strong&gt;Book containing entries of all proceedings in a court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;dbl&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;double jeopardy - &lt;/strong&gt;Prohibition against more than one prosecution for the same crime. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;due&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;due process - &lt;/strong&gt;Constitutional guarantee that an accused person receives a fair and impartial trial. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;E &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;enb&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;en banc - &lt;/strong&gt;“On the bench.” All judges of a court sitting together to hear a case. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;eta&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;et al. - &lt;/strong&gt;Abbreviation of the Latin &amp;quot;et alter&amp;quot;, meaning: “and others.” &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;exp&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ex parte - &lt;/strong&gt;A proceeding brought for the benefit of one party only without notice to or challenge by an adverse party. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;F &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;fel&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;felony - &lt;/strong&gt;A serious criminal offense for which the 		minimum sentence is one year. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;gra&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;grand jury - &lt;/strong&gt;A panel of citizens sworn to inquire into crime and if appropriate bring accusations, or indictments, against the suspects. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;gau&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;guardian ad litem &lt;/strong&gt;-
A person appointed by a court to manage the interests of a minor or
incompetent person whose property is involved in litigation. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;H&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;hab&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;habeas
corpus - “Latin phrase meaing: You have the body.” A writ of habeas
corpus requires that a person be brought before a judge. It is usually
used to direct an official to produce a prisoner so the court may
determine if liberty has been denied without due process.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;ind&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;indictment - &lt;/strong&gt;Written accusation of a grand jury charging a crime.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;inj&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;injunction &lt;/strong&gt;- Court orders prohibiting specific actions from being carried out. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;int&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;interrogatories - &lt;/strong&gt;Written questions which must be answered under oath. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;J &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;jud&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;judgment - &lt;/strong&gt;Final determination by a court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;jdgD&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;judgment document&lt;/strong&gt; - Document that explains the sentence an offender receives from a trial court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;jur&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;jurisprudence &lt;/strong&gt;- The science of law. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;lim&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;limited jurisdiction - &lt;/strong&gt;Courts limited in the types of criminal and civil cases they may hear. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;lit&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;litigant - &lt;/strong&gt;Person or group engaged in a lawsuit. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;M &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;mid&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;misdemeanor - &lt;/strong&gt;Criminal offense that is less than a felony and punishable by less than a year in jail. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;mit&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;mitigating circumstances - &lt;/strong&gt;Do not justify or excuse an offense, but may be considered as reasons for reducing the degree of blame. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;moti&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;motion - &lt;/strong&gt;Oral or written request before, during 		or after a trial on which a court issues a ruling or order. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;moot&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;moot - &lt;/strong&gt;Unsettled or undecided.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;neg&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;negligence - &lt;/strong&gt;The absence of ordinary care. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;nol&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;nolo contendere&lt;/strong&gt;
- Latin phrase meaning “I will not contest it”; a plea in a criminal
case which has a similar legal effect as pleading guilty. A defendant
may plead nolo contendere only with the consent of the court. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;O &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;opq&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;opinion, per curiam - &lt;/strong&gt;Phrase used to distinguish an opinion of the whole court from an opinion written by only one judge. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;par&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;parole &lt;/strong&gt;- The conditional and revocable release of an inmate by the Board of Paroles to parole supervision. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;per&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;peremptory challenge - &lt;/strong&gt;Procedure for rejecting prospective jurors without a reason. Each side is permitted a limited number of peremptory challenges. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;pow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;power of attorney - &lt;/strong&gt;Document authorizing another to act as one’s agent or attorney in fact (not an attorney at law). &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;prbC&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;probable cause - &lt;/strong&gt;Reasonable belief that a crime has been committed; the basis for all lawful searches. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;prob&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;probate - &lt;/strong&gt;The legal process of establishing the validity of a will and settling an estate. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;probn&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;probation&lt;/strong&gt;
- A sentence of confinement which is suspended upon a term of probation
supervision. It may include community service or restitution or both.
Probation must automatically be considered if the defendant is eligible.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;probon&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pro bono - &lt;/strong&gt;Legal services provided without attorney fees. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;pse&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pro se&lt;/strong&gt; - Legal representation of oneself &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;ptem&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pro tem - &lt;/strong&gt;“Temporary.” &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;R &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;rec&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;recess - &lt;/strong&gt;A short interval during which court suspends business, but without adjourning. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;rem&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;remand - &lt;/strong&gt;To send back. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;S &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;sconc&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sentence, concurrent - &lt;/strong&gt;Two or more sentences which run at the same time. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;scons&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sentence, consecutive &lt;/strong&gt;- Two or more sentences which run one after another. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;sdet&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sentence, determinate - &lt;/strong&gt;A sentence that states exactly the time to be served or money to be paid. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;seq&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sequester a jury - &lt;/strong&gt;To place members of a jury into 24 hour a day seclusion until a verdict is reached. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;set&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;settlement conference - &lt;/strong&gt;A meeting between parties of a lawsuit, their attorneys and a judge to attempt a resolution of the dispute without a trial.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;sta&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;statute &lt;/strong&gt;- A law created by the Legislature. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;st&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;stay &lt;/strong&gt;- Halting a judicial proceeding by order of the court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;sub&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;subpoena - &lt;/strong&gt;A written legal notice requiring a person to appear in court and give testimony or produce documentary evidence. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;sdt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;subpoena duces tecum &lt;/strong&gt;-
“Under penalty you shall take it with you.” A process by which the
court commands a witness to produce specific documents or records in a
trial. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;tor&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;tort - &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; An injury or wrong committed with or without force to the person or property of another giving rise to a claim for damages.  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;V &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;ven&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;venue - &lt;/strong&gt;The specific county, city or geographical area in which a court has jurisdiction. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;voi&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;voir dire - &lt;/strong&gt;(pronounced
“vwar-deer”) - “To speak the truth.” The process of preliminary
examination of prospective jurors regarding their qualifications. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;W &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;wri&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;writ - &lt;/strong&gt;A written court order directing a person to perform or refrain from performing a specific act. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;man&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;writ of mandamus - &lt;/strong&gt;An
order issued by a court of superior jurisdiction commanding performance
of a particular act by an inferior court or public official. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;zemanta-pixie&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;zemanta-pixie-img&quot; src=&quot;http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=6921fbd7-e436-8ee3-82a1-5facbeea3c07&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;     &lt;p style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; 
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            <title>Glossary of Legal Terms</title>
            <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/glossary-of-legal-terms.html?_c=feed-rss-full</link>   
            <author>nobody@vox.com(TheDirector06)</author>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 01:57:56 -0500</pubDate>         
            
            <description>    &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p&gt;       &lt;a name=&quot;acq&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;acquit &lt;/strong&gt;- To find a defendant not guilty in a 		criminal trial. &lt;/a&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;     &lt;a name=&quot;adj&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;adjudication - &lt;/strong&gt; A judgment or decree.    &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;   &lt;a name=&quot;affd&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;affidavit &lt;/strong&gt;- A written or printed declaration or    statement under oath. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;affm&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;affirm - &lt;/strong&gt;The ruling of an appellate court that the    judgment of a lower court is correct and should stand. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;ape&quot;&gt;appeal &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/strong&gt; - Review of a case by a higher court. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;apen&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;appellant &lt;/strong&gt;- Party appealing a decision or judgment to a higher court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;apee&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;appellee - &lt;/strong&gt;The party against whom an appeal is filed.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;arb&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;arbitration &lt;/strong&gt;-
The hearing and settlement of a dispute between opposing parties by a
third party whose decision the parties have agreed to accept.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;arr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;arraignment &lt;/strong&gt;-
A court hearing in a criminal case where a defendant is advised of the
charges and asked to plead guilty or not guilty. Most arraignments in
Tennessee are held in General Sessions Court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;bai&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;bail bond - &lt;/strong&gt;An agreement by a third party to pay a certain sum of money if the defendant fails to appear in court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;bent&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;bench trial&lt;/strong&gt; - Trial held before judge sitting without a jury; jury waived trial. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;benw&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;bench warrant &lt;/strong&gt;- Process issued by the court or “from the bench” for the attachment or arrest of a person.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;bin&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;binding over&lt;/strong&gt;
- The act by which a court or magistrate requires a person to enter
into a recognizance or furnish bail to appear for trial, to keep the
peace, to attend as a witness, etc. Also describes act of lower court
in transferring case to higher court or to grand jury after a finding
of probable cause to believe that defendant committed crime. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;bri&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;brief - &lt;/strong&gt;A legal document, prepared by an 		attorney, which presents the law and facts supporting his or her client. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;cas&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;caseload - &lt;/strong&gt;The number of cases a judge handles. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;cau&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;cause of action &lt;/strong&gt;- A legal claim. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;cer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;certiorari - &lt;/strong&gt;A procedure for removing a case from a lower court to a higher court for review. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;ven&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;change of venue - &lt;/strong&gt;Moving a case from one court, or location, to another. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;civ&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;civil law - &lt;/strong&gt;All law that is not criminal law. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;cla&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;class - &lt;/strong&gt;There
are five classifications of felonies and three classifications of
misdemeanors. With the exception of murder in the first degree, all
felonies in the Revised Criminal Code, in the old Title 39 and in
titles other than Title 39 are classified. Each felony has an A, B, C,
D, or E classification. “A” is the most serious and “E” is the least
serious. Each misdemeanor has either an A, B, or C classification with
“A” being most serious and “C” being least serious. Murder in the first
degree carries three possible penalties: life (with the possibility of
parole), life without parole, and death. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;cod&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;code - &lt;/strong&gt;A collection of laws promulgated by 		legislative authority. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;comm&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;common law - &lt;/strong&gt;A system of jurisprudence based on precedent rather than statutory laws. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;comu&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;commutation - &lt;/strong&gt;Change of punishment from a greater to a lesser degree or ending a sentence that has been partially served. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;cor&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;corpus delicti - &lt;/strong&gt;The
body or material substance upon which crime has been committed; e.g.,
the corpse of a murdered person or the charred remains of a burned
house. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;den&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;de novo - &lt;/strong&gt;“Anew.” A trial de novo is a completely new trial. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;decl&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;declaratory judgment - &lt;/strong&gt;A judgment declaring the rights of the parties on a question of law. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;decr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;decree - &lt;/strong&gt;Decision or order of the court. A final decree completes the suit; an interlocutory decree is provisional or preliminary. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;defl&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;default judgment&lt;/strong&gt;
- Under Rules of Civil Procedure, when a party against whom a judgment
for affirmative relief is sought has failed to plead (i.e., answer) or
otherwise defend, he is in default and a judgment by default may be
entered either by the clerk or the court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;defn&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;defendant &lt;/strong&gt;- A person charged with a crime or a person against whom a civil action is brought. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;dep&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;deposition - &lt;/strong&gt;Sworn testimony taken outside the courtroom according to the rules of the court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;dis&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;discovery &lt;/strong&gt;- A pretrial proceeding where a party to an action may be informed of the facts known by other parties or witnesses. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;doc&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;docket - &lt;/strong&gt;Book containing entries of all proceedings in a court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;dbl&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;double jeopardy - &lt;/strong&gt;Prohibition against more than one prosecution for the same crime. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;due&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;due process - &lt;/strong&gt;Constitutional guarantee that an accused person receives a fair and impartial trial. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;E &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;enb&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;en banc - &lt;/strong&gt;“On the bench.” All judges of a court sitting together to hear a case. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;eta&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;et al. - &lt;/strong&gt;Abbreviation of the Latin &amp;quot;et alter&amp;quot;, meaning: “and others.” &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;exp&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ex parte - &lt;/strong&gt;A proceeding brought for the benefit of one party only without notice to or challenge by an adverse party. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;F &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;fel&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;felony - &lt;/strong&gt;A serious criminal offense for which the 		minimum sentence is one year. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;gra&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;grand jury - &lt;/strong&gt;A panel of citizens sworn to inquire into crime and if appropriate bring accusations, or indictments, against the suspects. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;gau&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;guardian ad litem &lt;/strong&gt;-
A person appointed by a court to manage the interests of a minor or
incompetent person whose property is involved in litigation. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;H&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;hab&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;habeas
corpus - “Latin phrase meaing: You have the body.” A writ of habeas
corpus requires that a person be brought before a judge. It is usually
used to direct an official to produce a prisoner so the court may
determine if liberty has been denied without due process.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;ind&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;indictment - &lt;/strong&gt;Written accusation of a grand jury charging a crime.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;inj&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;injunction &lt;/strong&gt;- Court orders prohibiting specific actions from being carried out. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;int&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;interrogatories - &lt;/strong&gt;Written questions which must be answered under oath. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;J &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;jud&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;judgment - &lt;/strong&gt;Final determination by a court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;jdgD&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;judgment document&lt;/strong&gt; - Document that explains the sentence an offender receives from a trial court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;jur&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;jurisprudence &lt;/strong&gt;- The science of law. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;lim&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;limited jurisdiction - &lt;/strong&gt;Courts limited in the types of criminal and civil cases they may hear. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;lit&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;litigant - &lt;/strong&gt;Person or group engaged in a lawsuit. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;M &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;mid&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;misdemeanor - &lt;/strong&gt;Criminal offense that is less than a felony and punishable by less than a year in jail. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;mit&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;mitigating circumstances - &lt;/strong&gt;Do not justify or excuse an offense, but may be considered as reasons for reducing the degree of blame. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;moti&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;motion - &lt;/strong&gt;Oral or written request before, during 		or after a trial on which a court issues a ruling or order. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;moot&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;moot - &lt;/strong&gt;Unsettled or undecided.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;neg&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;negligence - &lt;/strong&gt;The absence of ordinary care. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;nol&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;nolo contendere&lt;/strong&gt;
- Latin phrase meaning “I will not contest it”; a plea in a criminal
case which has a similar legal effect as pleading guilty. A defendant
may plead nolo contendere only with the consent of the court. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;O &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;opq&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;opinion, per curiam - &lt;/strong&gt;Phrase used to distinguish an opinion of the whole court from an opinion written by only one judge. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;par&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;parole &lt;/strong&gt;- The conditional and revocable release of an inmate by the Board of Paroles to parole supervision. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;per&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;peremptory challenge - &lt;/strong&gt;Procedure for rejecting prospective jurors without a reason. Each side is permitted a limited number of peremptory challenges. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;pow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;power of attorney - &lt;/strong&gt;Document authorizing another to act as one’s agent or attorney in fact (not an attorney at law). &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;prbC&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;probable cause - &lt;/strong&gt;Reasonable belief that a crime has been committed; the basis for all lawful searches. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;prob&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;probate - &lt;/strong&gt;The legal process of establishing the validity of a will and settling an estate. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;probn&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;probation&lt;/strong&gt;
- A sentence of confinement which is suspended upon a term of probation
supervision. It may include community service or restitution or both.
Probation must automatically be considered if the defendant is eligible.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;probon&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pro bono - &lt;/strong&gt;Legal services provided without attorney fees. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;pse&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pro se&lt;/strong&gt; - Legal representation of oneself &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;ptem&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pro tem - &lt;/strong&gt;“Temporary.” &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;R &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;rec&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;recess - &lt;/strong&gt;A short interval during which court suspends business, but without adjourning. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;rem&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;remand - &lt;/strong&gt;To send back. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;S &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;sconc&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sentence, concurrent - &lt;/strong&gt;Two or more sentences which run at the same time. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;scons&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sentence, consecutive &lt;/strong&gt;- Two or more sentences which run one after another. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;sdet&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sentence, determinate - &lt;/strong&gt;A sentence that states exactly the time to be served or money to be paid. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;seq&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sequester a jury - &lt;/strong&gt;To place members of a jury into 24 hour a day seclusion until a verdict is reached. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;set&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;settlement conference - &lt;/strong&gt;A meeting between parties of a lawsuit, their attorneys and a judge to attempt a resolution of the dispute without a trial.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;sta&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;statute &lt;/strong&gt;- A law created by the Legislature. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;  &lt;a name=&quot;st&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;stay &lt;/strong&gt;- Halting a judicial proceeding by order of the court. &lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;sub&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;subpoena - &lt;/strong&gt;A written legal notice requiring a person to appear in court and give testimony or produce documentary evidence. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;sdt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;subpoena duces tecum &lt;/strong&gt;-
“Under penalty you shall take it with you.” A process by which the
court commands a witness to produce specific documents or records in a
trial. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;tor&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;tort - &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; An injury or wrong committed with or without force to the person or property of another giving rise to a claim for damages.  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;V &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;ven&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;venue - &lt;/strong&gt;The specific county, city or geographical area in which a court has jurisdiction. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;voi&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;voir dire - &lt;/strong&gt;(pronounced
“vwar-deer”) - “To speak the truth.” The process of preliminary
examination of prospective jurors regarding their qualifications. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;W &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;wri&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;writ - &lt;/strong&gt;A written court order directing a person to perform or refrain from performing a specific act. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;man&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;writ of mandamus - &lt;/strong&gt;An
order issued by a court of superior jurisdiction commanding performance
of a particular act by an inferior court or public official. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;zemanta-pixie&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;zemanta-pixie-img&quot; src=&quot;http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=6921fbd7-e436-8ee3-82a1-5facbeea3c07&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;     &lt;p style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; 
    &lt;a href=&quot;http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/glossary-of-legal-terms.html?_c=feed-rss-full#comments&quot;&gt;Read and post comments&lt;/a&gt;   |   
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&lt;/p&gt;
 
            </description> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">law</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">research</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">self help</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">legal terms</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">pro se</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">legal help</category>   
        </item> 
 
        <item>
            <title>Cocke County DCS “Bad to the Bone”</title>
            <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/cocke-county-dcs-bad-to-the-bone.html?_c=feed-rss-full</link>   
            <author>nobody@vox.com(TheDirector06)</author>
            <comments>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/cocke-county-dcs-bad-to-the-bone.html?_c=feed-rss-full</comments>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2009 05:41:48 -0500</pubDate>         
            
            <description>    &lt;p&gt;Have you ever called a government agency for help only to be chuckled at and made fun of? Then chances are you have never had to contact the Cocke County Department of Children Services (DCS) located on Heritage Street in Newport, Tennessee.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Such was the case on Monday, July 6, when Renée Lynn, Editor-in-Chief of “The Knoxville Journal,” needed to discuss a dire situation with Kim Ramsey, a case worker at the Cocke County DCS. Mrs. Lynn tried numerous times to reach Ms. Ramsey or anyone in the department to no avail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, Mrs. Lynn got in touch with Ms. Ramsey to converse about a very serious issue concerning information relevant to two foster children under their jurisdiction. Apparently the information was ignored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;When asked very pertinent questions about the care of these children, Ms. Ramsey began laughing over the phone along with other employees. They just kept on laughing. Ms. Ramsey made no effort to correct her rude behavior with an apology. Mrs. Lynn then informed Ms. Ramsey that this was not a laughing matter, but was a grave set of circumstances. Again Mrs. Lynn was met with snickering.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It just so happened that Mrs. Lynn’s telephone was on speaker phone and at least one other person witnessed the outrageous behavior of Ms. Ramsey.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mrs. Lynn commented, “It is a sad day when upstanding citizens are being subjected to such disrespect from government employees.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is not the first complaint lodged against the Cocke County DCS. This reporter knows of at least one other incident in which the Cocke County office has overstepped their bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ms. Vicki Hodge, supervisor of the Cocke County DCS did return a call to Mrs. Lynn on Tuesday, July 7, but did not apologize for the offensive conduct of her employees.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you have any information about the Cocke County DCS you would like to share, please call Myra Wheeler at The Knoxville Journal at (865) 546-5353.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theknoxvillejournal.com/inside/pages/news/Cocke-County-DCS.html&quot;&gt;http://www.theknoxvillejournal.com/inside/pages/news/Cocke-County-DCS.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000&quot;&gt;I am sure they would be interested in all the stories in TN, give it a shot.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; 
    &lt;a href=&quot;http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/cocke-county-dcs-bad-to-the-bone.html?_c=feed-rss-full#comments&quot;&gt;Read and post comments&lt;/a&gt;   |   
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&lt;/p&gt;
 
            </description> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">fraud</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">child abuse</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">child neglect</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">childrens rights</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">court reform</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">child custody</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">family court corruption</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">failure to protect from harm</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">judicial abuse</category>   
        </item> 
 
        <item>
            <title>An inspiring Quote</title>
            <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/an-inspiring-quote.html?_c=feed-rss-full</link>   
            <author>nobody@vox.com(TheDirector06)</author>
            <comments>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/an-inspiring-quote.html?_c=feed-rss-full</comments>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2009 17:04:38 -0500</pubDate>         
            
            <description>    &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366ff&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;status&quot;&gt;                    &lt;span class=&quot;hsmStatus&quot; id=&quot;hsmStatus&quot;&gt;“People who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those who are doing it.” ~Chinese Proverb`&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt;    &lt;p style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; 
    &lt;a href=&quot;http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/an-inspiring-quote.html?_c=feed-rss-full#comments&quot;&gt;Read and post comments&lt;/a&gt;   |   
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&lt;/p&gt;
 
            </description> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">love</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">namaste</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">motivation</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">positive</category>   
        </item> 
 
        <item>
            <title>Lawyer Who Failed to Follow Billing Rules Forfeits Fees</title>
            <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/lawyer-who-failed-to-follow-billing-rules-forfeits-fees-1.html?_c=feed-rss-full</link>   
            <author>nobody@vox.com(TheDirector06)</author>
            <comments>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/lawyer-who-failed-to-follow-billing-rules-forfeits-fees-1.html?_c=feed-rss-full</comments>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 07 Jun 2009 00:11:40 -0500</pubDate>         
            
            <description>    &lt;p&gt;Vesselin Mitev &lt;br /&gt;New York Law Journal &lt;br /&gt;May 05, 2009&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A Long Island, N.Y., matrimonial attorney who did not bill her client at the requisite 60-day intervals cannot collect claimed legal fees, a New York state judge has ruled.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Attorney Charlene K. Verkowitz, appearing pro se, argued that she had substantially complied with rules requiring matrimonial lawyers to provide written, itemized bills at least every 60 days.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But New York Supreme Court Justice William R. LaMarca of Nassau County disagreed, noting in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nylj.com/nylawyer/adgifs/decisions/050509lamarca.pdf&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #669966&quot;&gt;Verkowitz v. Torres&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 17206/06, that since Verkowitz had not &amp;quot;follow[ed] the rules,&amp;quot; she had to forfeit her fees.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Verkowitz, of New Hyde Park, N.Y., was hired by Ernest Torres on Nov. 7, 2002, to represent him in a Suffolk County Family Court support hearing. That day, Torres signed a retainer and paid a $3,500 fee, according to the decision.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The next month, Torres retained Verkowitz to represent him in a separate matrimonial action. Unused portions of his previous retainer were credited to the matrimonial bill, and Torres paid an additional $3,500.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On July 14, 2003, Torres relieved Verkowitz as counsel, prompting the subsequent suit over $7,915 in counsel fees plus costs, according to the decision.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During the eight-month period from initial retainer to her discharge, Verkowitz sent four bills to Torres: on Dec. 6, 2002; Feb. 3, 2003; June 17, 2003; and Nov. 5, 2003.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Feb. 3, 2003, bill showed a credit balance of $2,309 but more than 120 days had elapsed between the February bill and the June 17 bill. Her lawsuit only covered fees mentioned in the first three bills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At trial in December 2008, Verkowitz testified that between the second and third billing cycle she &amp;quot;continually advised&amp;quot; Torres that his retainer had been exhausted. Torres was &amp;quot;often&amp;quot; in her office during this time reviewing his case, according to the decision.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Torres denied he was told about the bills and claimed he told Verkowitz about his &amp;quot;dire financial straits,&amp;quot; which were also the subject of a motion to modify a separation agreement with his wife, Justice LaMarca wrote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;According to Michael R. Walker, Torres&amp;#39; attorney, his client had limited funds, as evidenced by the fact he charged the first two retainers on his girlfriend&amp;#39;s credit card.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Under 22 NYCRR 1400.3, a retainer agreement sets forth the &amp;quot;[f]requency of itemized billing, which shall be at least every 60 days; the client may not be charged for time spent in discussion of the bills received.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Here, LaMarca wrote, &amp;quot;there is no doubt that Verkowitz did not abide by the rules, in that she did not provide written itemized bills at least every 60 days.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The failure to comply with the rules &amp;quot;promulgated to address abuses in the practice of matrimonial law and to protect the public will result in preclusion from recovering such legal fees,&amp;quot; the judge continued, quoting &lt;em&gt;Julien v. Machson&lt;/em&gt;, 245 AD2d 122.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Verkowitz cited, among other cases, &lt;em&gt;Mulcahy v. Mulcahy&lt;/em&gt;, 285 AD2d 587, and &lt;em&gt;Sherman v. Sherman&lt;/em&gt;, 34 AD3d 670, which set forth that attorney fees may be recovered if there is &amp;quot;substantial compliance&amp;quot; with 22 NYCRR 1400.3.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, LaMarca distinguished those cases as addressing the recovery of legal fees from an adversary spouse, observing &amp;quot;[t]hat is not this case.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;In all cases cited by Verkowitz, the courts recited the law ... that attorneys must follow the rules or forfeit legal fees,&amp;quot; the judge held. &amp;quot;There is no doubt that the third bill ... was not sent within 60 days as mandated.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although he held that Verkowitz did not substantially comply with the rules, LaMarca did not order her to return the $2,309 credit indicated on the second bill, citing Mulcahy for the proposition that &amp;quot;a court need not direct the return of a retainer fee already paid for properly-earned services.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In an interview, Walker said his client&amp;#39;s case was factually different than that of a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202429146279&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #669966&quot;&gt;Brooklyn accountant who earlier this year was ordered to pay his attorney fees&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; despite a 17-month billing delay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;Edelstein v. Greisman&lt;/em&gt;, 18848/08, attorney Saul Edelstein had won at the arbitration level before Brooklyn Supreme Court Justice Mark I. Partnow upheld his award.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Here, Verkowitz had lost in arbitration, Walker said.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LaMarca properly interpreted the statute, said Walker, of Gallagher, Walker, Bianco &amp;amp; Plastaras in Mineola, N.Y. &amp;quot;We have strict rules precisely for this reason.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In an interview, Verkowitz said she &amp;quot;respectfully disagree[d] with the judge&amp;#39;s interpretation of substantial compliance.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;She said the initial arbitration award was &amp;quot;100 percent&amp;quot; in her favor but had been overturned by a &amp;quot;technicality,&amp;quot; prompting a rehearing which she lost.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LaMarca&amp;#39;s decision did not mention the arbitration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.law.com/jsp/law/careercenter/CareerCenterArticleFriendly.jsp?id=1202430444547&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #669966&quot;&gt;http://www.law.com/jsp/law/careercenter/CareerCenterArticleFriendly.jsp?id=1202430444547&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; 
    &lt;a href=&quot;http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/lawyer-who-failed-to-follow-billing-rules-forfeits-fees-1.html?_c=feed-rss-full#comments&quot;&gt;Read and post comments&lt;/a&gt;   |   
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&lt;/p&gt;
 
            </description> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">reform</category> 
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            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">courts</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">judges</category>   
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        <item>
            <title>Lawyer Who Failed to Follow Billing Rules Forfeits Fees</title>
            <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/lawyer-who-failed-to-follow-billing-rules-forfeits-fees.html?_c=feed-rss-full</link>   
            <author>nobody@vox.com(TheDirector06)</author>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 07 Jun 2009 00:11:40 -0500</pubDate>         
            
            <description>    &lt;p&gt;Vesselin Mitev &lt;br /&gt;New York Law Journal &lt;br /&gt;May 05, 2009&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A Long Island, N.Y., matrimonial attorney who did not bill her client at the requisite 60-day intervals cannot collect claimed legal fees, a New York state judge has ruled.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Attorney Charlene K. Verkowitz, appearing pro se, argued that she had substantially complied with rules requiring matrimonial lawyers to provide written, itemized bills at least every 60 days.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But New York Supreme Court Justice William R. LaMarca of Nassau County disagreed, noting in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nylj.com/nylawyer/adgifs/decisions/050509lamarca.pdf&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #669966&quot;&gt;Verkowitz v. Torres&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 17206/06, that since Verkowitz had not &amp;quot;follow[ed] the rules,&amp;quot; she had to forfeit her fees.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Verkowitz, of New Hyde Park, N.Y., was hired by Ernest Torres on Nov. 7, 2002, to represent him in a Suffolk County Family Court support hearing. That day, Torres signed a retainer and paid a $3,500 fee, according to the decision.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The next month, Torres retained Verkowitz to represent him in a separate matrimonial action. Unused portions of his previous retainer were credited to the matrimonial bill, and Torres paid an additional $3,500.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On July 14, 2003, Torres relieved Verkowitz as counsel, prompting the subsequent suit over $7,915 in counsel fees plus costs, according to the decision.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During the eight-month period from initial retainer to her discharge, Verkowitz sent four bills to Torres: on Dec. 6, 2002; Feb. 3, 2003; June 17, 2003; and Nov. 5, 2003.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Feb. 3, 2003, bill showed a credit balance of $2,309 but more than 120 days had elapsed between the February bill and the June 17 bill. Her lawsuit only covered fees mentioned in the first three bills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At trial in December 2008, Verkowitz testified that between the second and third billing cycle she &amp;quot;continually advised&amp;quot; Torres that his retainer had been exhausted. Torres was &amp;quot;often&amp;quot; in her office during this time reviewing his case, according to the decision.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Torres denied he was told about the bills and claimed he told Verkowitz about his &amp;quot;dire financial straits,&amp;quot; which were also the subject of a motion to modify a separation agreement with his wife, Justice LaMarca wrote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;According to Michael R. Walker, Torres&amp;#39; attorney, his client had limited funds, as evidenced by the fact he charged the first two retainers on his girlfriend&amp;#39;s credit card.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Under 22 NYCRR 1400.3, a retainer agreement sets forth the &amp;quot;[f]requency of itemized billing, which shall be at least every 60 days; the client may not be charged for time spent in discussion of the bills received.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Here, LaMarca wrote, &amp;quot;there is no doubt that Verkowitz did not abide by the rules, in that she did not provide written itemized bills at least every 60 days.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The failure to comply with the rules &amp;quot;promulgated to address abuses in the practice of matrimonial law and to protect the public will result in preclusion from recovering such legal fees,&amp;quot; the judge continued, quoting &lt;em&gt;Julien v. Machson&lt;/em&gt;, 245 AD2d 122.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Verkowitz cited, among other cases, &lt;em&gt;Mulcahy v. Mulcahy&lt;/em&gt;, 285 AD2d 587, and &lt;em&gt;Sherman v. Sherman&lt;/em&gt;, 34 AD3d 670, which set forth that attorney fees may be recovered if there is &amp;quot;substantial compliance&amp;quot; with 22 NYCRR 1400.3.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, LaMarca distinguished those cases as addressing the recovery of legal fees from an adversary spouse, observing &amp;quot;[t]hat is not this case.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;In all cases cited by Verkowitz, the courts recited the law ... that attorneys must follow the rules or forfeit legal fees,&amp;quot; the judge held. &amp;quot;There is no doubt that the third bill ... was not sent within 60 days as mandated.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although he held that Verkowitz did not substantially comply with the rules, LaMarca did not order her to return the $2,309 credit indicated on the second bill, citing Mulcahy for the proposition that &amp;quot;a court need not direct the return of a retainer fee already paid for properly-earned services.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In an interview, Walker said his client&amp;#39;s case was factually different than that of a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202429146279&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #669966&quot;&gt;Brooklyn accountant who earlier this year was ordered to pay his attorney fees&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; despite a 17-month billing delay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;Edelstein v. Greisman&lt;/em&gt;, 18848/08, attorney Saul Edelstein had won at the arbitration level before Brooklyn Supreme Court Justice Mark I. Partnow upheld his award.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Here, Verkowitz had lost in arbitration, Walker said.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LaMarca properly interpreted the statute, said Walker, of Gallagher, Walker, Bianco &amp;amp; Plastaras in Mineola, N.Y. &amp;quot;We have strict rules precisely for this reason.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In an interview, Verkowitz said she &amp;quot;respectfully disagree[d] with the judge&amp;#39;s interpretation of substantial compliance.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;She said the initial arbitration award was &amp;quot;100 percent&amp;quot; in her favor but had been overturned by a &amp;quot;technicality,&amp;quot; prompting a rehearing which she lost.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LaMarca&amp;#39;s decision did not mention the arbitration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.law.com/jsp/law/careercenter/CareerCenterArticleFriendly.jsp?id=1202430444547&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #669966&quot;&gt;http://www.law.com/jsp/law/careercenter/CareerCenterArticleFriendly.jsp?id=1202430444547&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; 
    &lt;a href=&quot;http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/lawyer-who-failed-to-follow-billing-rules-forfeits-fees.html?_c=feed-rss-full#comments&quot;&gt;Read and post comments&lt;/a&gt;   |   
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            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">reform</category> 
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        <item>
            <title>Judge to day care worker: Say you&#39;re sorry  </title>
            <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/judge-to-day-care-worker-say-youre-sorry.html?_c=feed-rss-full</link>   
            <author>nobody@vox.com(TheDirector06)</author>
            <comments>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/judge-to-day-care-worker-say-youre-sorry.html?_c=feed-rss-full</comments>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2009 10:36:18 -0500</pubDate>         
            
            <description>    &lt;table class=&quot;contentpaneopen&quot;&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;contentheading&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%&quot;&gt;Judge to day care worker: Say you&amp;#39;re sorry &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;buttonheading&quot; style=&quot;text-align: right; width: 100%&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.protect.org/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=891&amp;amp;pop=1&amp;amp;page=0&amp;amp;Itemid=18&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Print&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Print&quot; name=&quot;Print&quot; src=&quot;http://www.protect.org/templates/protect2/images/printButton.png&quot; style=&quot;text-align: middle&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;buttonheading&quot; style=&quot;text-align: right; width: 100%&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.protect.org/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=emailform&amp;amp;id=891&amp;amp;itemid=18&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;E-mail&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;E-mail&quot; name=&quot;E-mail&quot; src=&quot;http://www.protect.org/templates/protect2/images/emailButton.png&quot; style=&quot;text-align: middle&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
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&lt;td class=&quot;createdate&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;Wednesday, 13 May 2009 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The former lead day-care worker at a Sun Prairie, Wisconsin day care center has been given probation for squeezing an 18-month old until she stopped breathing, according to the &lt;em&gt;Wisconsin State Journal&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;Dane County Circuit Judge Patrick Fiedler gave Sara Kladenhall 5 years to &amp;quot;prove... she was sincere when she said she was sorry for what happened,&amp;quot; reports the paper.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The child was revived by a co-worker and has since recovered. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Co-worker Lindsay Anderson, charged with child neglect for helping to hold the child down, was placed in a first offenders program. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The State Journal says that following that sentencing, Anderson was charged with domestic disorderly conduct in another case and dropped from the first offenders program.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On May 7, she pleaded guilty to the disorderly conduct charges and was placed, again, in the first offenders program. For a second time. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;    &lt;p style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; 
    &lt;a href=&quot;http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/judge-to-day-care-worker-say-youre-sorry.html?_c=feed-rss-full#comments&quot;&gt;Read and post comments&lt;/a&gt;   |   
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            </description> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">advocacy</category> 
            <category domain="http://familycourtreform.vox.com/tags/">child abuse</category> 
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        <item>
            <title>5 Knox County teachers on administrative leave</title>
            <link>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/5-knox-county-teachers-on-administrative-leave.html?_c=feed-rss-full</link>   
            <author>nobody@vox.com(TheDirector06)</author>
            <comments>http://familycourtreform.vox.com/library/post/5-knox-county-teachers-on-administrative-leave.html?_c=feed-rss-full</comments>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2009 12:35:14 -0500</pubDate>         
            
            <description>    &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 5px 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Posted: May 6, 2009 10:36 PM &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;body&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;By &lt;a href=&quot;http://knoxville.wate.com/wate/shelby-baker&quot; title=&quot;Shelby Baker&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SHELBY BAKER&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6 News Reporter&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;KNOXVILLE
(WATE) -- There are currently five&amp;#160;Knox County teachers on
administrative leave. Most of them are facing allegations of
inappropriate conduct with a student. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Ken Davis, a Halls High
School teacher, was placed on administrative leave with pay on April 1,
2009. He is accused of inappropriate conduct with students. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Paula
Gumpman, a teacher at Eastport Elementary School, was placed on leave
with pay in April 27, 2009 for allegations of physical contact with a
student. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Danny Sanders, a Carter High School teacher, was put
on leave with pay September 12,&amp;#160;2008 for neglect of duty.&amp;#160; He was moved
to 20 days of leave without pay beginning last month. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Julia
Detiveaux, an employee at Sam E. Hill Family and Community Center, was
placed on leave in April&amp;#160;for allegations of failing to properly
supervise a student.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Knox County says the length of time a teacher is on administrative leave varies, depending on the circumstances. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Employees
are placed on leave with pay while allegations are investigated. Based
on the outcome, the superintendent determines if the pay status
changes. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Also, Corey DeHart, a&amp;#160;Halls High School math teacher
who was accused of statutory rape of a female student last year, now
has 30 days to request a hearing. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;A judge dismissed the charges against&amp;#160;DeHart&amp;#160;in November&amp;#160;2008.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;But Wednesday night,&amp;#160;school board members decided if the charges are true, there would be reason to revoke his tenure. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;There
are different standards between judicial matters and employment matters
and different standards for convicting someone of a crime versus taking
employment action, so we believe that the charges speak for
themselves,&amp;quot; said Superintendent of Knox County Schools Jim MvIntyre.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;The school board says if&amp;#160;Corey DeHart doesn&amp;#39;t request a hearing in 30 days, his tenure will be automatically revoked. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wate.com/global/story.asp?S=10318027&quot;&gt;http://www.wate.com/global/story.asp?S=10318027&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; 
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